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Questions
Answer all questions.
- Nearly nine years ago, on a warm autumn evening in 1945, I was driving over the
mountains of Southern Japan to the city of Nagasaki. I thought I was still in open
country when all at once I realized that I was already crossing what had been the city.
The shadows which flickered past me in the dusk were not rocks and trees: they were
crushed buildings; the bare and skewed ribs of factories, and two crumpled gasometers.
The scale of the damage of Nagasaki drained the blood from my heart then, and does so
now when I speak of it. For three miles my road lay through a desert which man had
made in a second. Now, nine years later, the hydrogen bomb is ready to dwarf this scale,
and to turn each mile of destruction into ten miles. And citizens and scientists share at
one another and ask: ‘How did we blunder into this nightmare?
I put this first as a question of history, because the history of this is known to few
people. The fission of uranium was discovered by two German scientists a year before
the war. Within a few months, it was reported that Germany had forbidden the export of
uranium from the mines of Czechoslovakia which she had just annexed. Scientists on
the Continent, in England and America, asked themselves whether the secret weapon on
which the Germans were said to be working was an atomic bomb. If the fission of
uranium could be used explosively (and this already seemed possible in 1939) it might
in theory make an explosion a million times larger than hitherto. The monopoly of such
an atomic bomb would give Hitler instant victory, and make him master of Europe and
the world. The scientists knew the scale of what they feared very well: they feared first
desolation and then slavery. With heavy hearts, they told Albert Einstein what they
knew of atomic fission. Einstein had been a pacifist all his life, and he did not easily put
his conscience on one side. But it seemed clear to him that no scientist was free to keep
this knowledge to himself. He felt that no one could decide whether a nation should or
should not use atomic bombs, except the nation itself; the choice must be offered to the
nation, and made by those whom the nation has elected to act for it. On August 2, 1939,
a month before Hitler invaded Poland, Einstein wrote to President Roosevelt to tell him
that he thought an atomic bomb might be made, and he feared that the Germans were
trying to make one.
This is how it came about that, later in the war, scientists worked together in England, in
Canada and America, to make the atomic bomb. They hated war no less than the layman
does- no less than the soldier does; they, too, had wrestled with their consciences; and
they had decided that their duty was to let the nation use their skill, just as it uses the
skill of the solider or the expert in camouflage. The atomic scientists believed that they
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were in a race against Germany whose outcome might decide, the war even in its last
weeks. We know now that the race was almost a walk-over. The Germans were indeed
trying to make an atomic explosion, and they thought that they were ahead of the allies.
But by our standards, what they had done was pitiful; they had not made a pile that
worked, and they believed that the fast chain reaction of an atomic bomb was
impossible. The Nazis had made fundamental science a poor relation, and put it under
second rate party men with splendid titles. And more deeply, the Nazis had sapped the
pith and power of research, the quizzical eye and questioning mind, the urge to find the
facts for oneself. There were not enough unconventional ideas in the German atomic
projects, and when the younger men did put up some, their leaders always knew better.
Answer the following questions based on your reading of the passage (10)
- What had drained the blood from the heart of the author?
- Describe the circumstances leading to the making of atom bomb.
- When was the Hydrogen bomb ready for use?
- What, according to the author, was the main reason of the failure of the German
scientists?
- What do you learn from the passage about Albert Einstein?
- Read the following excerpt on the topic Smoking Kills. These lines are written in
Persuasive style. (10)
Smoking is injurious to health. It not only kills you but destroys the lives of your loved
ones as well. Increase in the number of deaths due to lung cancer which is a result of
smoking habit; has taken away so many people away from the ones who love them. It
leaves a child fatherless and a partner without a support in this life.
Now, attempt to write an argumentative paragraph on the same topic.
3a. How is communication disrupted when we choose an inferior medium? Exemplify with an
instance from your own life. (5)
3b. How can we ensure the conciseness of our messages while communicating? Explain with at
least two examples. (5)
4a. What is information overload? How does it affect communication? (5)
4b. Consider the following domains: (5)
Playground, College canteen, College auditorium, Metro station Lecture hall, Father’s
office, Multiplex, Police station, Hospital, Kitchen, Court room, Principal’s office.
Classify them into formal and informal categories.
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5a. Consider the following sentences; (5)
- The plan to evacuate the area won’t work out as there aren’t enough vehicles to drop
everyone off at the safe zone.
- Rohit went ballistic after his brother cocked up his plan to attend the long-awaited event.
iii. I want this cleaned immediately.
- I penalized some of the employees for being always late.
Which of the above can be used in a formal conversation? Revise the ones which you feel
cannot be used in a formal conversation.
5b. With respect to language and delivery in a formal conversation, what are the blunders that
we need to avoid as speakers? (5)
- Pair up with your best friend in your batch or in your locality. Let your friend assume the
role of the Senior Manager of an esteemed bank in which you are an employee. You have
been recently promoted to a managerial position due to your consistent performance.
You are happy yet anxious about the new responsibility. Engage in a formal conversation
in English with your friend, who as a Senior Manager is trying to reassure you that you
will be doing well in the new role. Prepare a series of formal conversation between
your friend and you. (15)
7 a. Explain how social context influences interpretation with at least two clear examples of
informal use of English. (10)
7 b. Explain how linguistic context influences interpretation with at least two clear examples of
informal use of English. (10)
- Pair up with a good friend in your batch or in your locality. Imagine a situation in which
your mother has given you the responsibility to go to the grocery store. You are busy with
an incomplete assignment. Engage in an informal conversation in English with your friend,
telling him or her to do the necessary on your behalf. (15)
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